The following is a excerpt from an article in The Bioastronomy News, 7.4 (Fourth Quarter 1995) which was accessed May 3, 1997 from The Planetary Society; it is a portion of a speech Carl Sagan made as a response to " A Critique of The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence" by Ernst Mayr, which appeared in the third quarter:

'A range of new Earth-based techniques- including astrometry, spectrophotometry, radial velocity measurments, adaptive optics and interferometry- all seem to be on the verge of being able to detect Jovian-type planets, if they exist, around the nearest stars. At least one proposal (The FRESIP [Frequency of Earth Sized Inner Planets] project, a spaceborne spectrophotometric system) holds the promise of detecting terrestrial planets more readily than Jovian. If there is not a sudden cut-off in support, we are likely entering a golden age in the study of planets of other stars in the Milky Way galaxy'


With The Hubble Telescope, we can now see events that have occurred, theoretically, since the beginning of the universe. "The [Hubble] telescope has already thrown Big-Bang theorists a curve by suggesting that some stars in the universe are older than the universe itself...and has begun to unravel the riddle of the brilliant beacons of cosmic-light known as quasars" (Lemonick 1).

With Hubble, and the new technology that is approaching, how will we ever look into the night sky the same way that we always have?


How can we look into the night-sky and say, "We are alone"?


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